CAPAS: A context-aware system architecture for physical activities monitoring

Attribute grammars are widely used by compiler-generators since it allows complete specifications of static semantics. They can also be applied to other fields of research, for instance, to human activities recognition. This paper aims to present CAPAS, a Context-aware system Architecture to monitor Physical ActivitieS. One of the components that is present in the architecture is the attribute grammar which is filled after the prediction is made according to the data gathered from the user through the sensors. According to some predefined rules, the physical activity is validated after an analysis on the attribute grammar, if it meets those requirements. Besides that it proposes an attribute grammar itself which should be able to be incorporated in a system in order to validate the performed physical activity.This work has been supported by FCT – Fundação˜ para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: ˆ UID/CEC/00319/2019

Anomalías de forma y número en dentición temporal en una población Mexicana

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia y distribución de las anomalías de forma y de número en dentición temporal.  Material y Métodos: Estudio retro-prolectivo, transversal y descriptivo. Muestreo probabilístico por conveniencia estratificado por género. Se revisaron 1568 expedientes de pacientes que acudieron a la Clínica de Estomatología Pediátrica de la FEBUAP, durante el periodo 2012 a 2014, se incluyeron 720 expedientes (321 niñas y 399 niños) de 1 a 10 años, que presentaron estudios radiográficos completos, nítidos, con presencia de anomalías de forma o número, el estudio fue dividido en pacientes activos e inactivos. Para los inactivos se tomaron fotografías de las radiografías con presencia de anomalías de forma y/o número. En el caso de los activos, se realizó una entrevista con alguno de los padres, se solicitó autorización bajo consentimiento informado, asentimiento por parte del niño para realizar la exploración clínica y la toma de fotografías intraorales. Resultados: En total 63 niños tuvieron anomalías (17 niñas y 46 niños). La prevalencia total de las anomalías dentarias fue de 9%, de los cuales el 3,1% fueron (dientes fusionados y geminados), 1,1% (agenesias) y 1,9% (supernumerarios), 1,3% (raíces supernumerarias), 0,27% (macrodoncia), 0,11% (microdoncia) y finalmente el 0,27% correspondió a (talón cuspídeo). Conclusiones: A pesar de que la prevalencia de estas anomalías no es alta, es importante el examen radiográfico de rutina para realizar un diagnóstico temprano y así aplicar las medidas preventivas correctas, para establecer el mejor plan de tratamiento

Use of five probiotic strains to determine sensitivity in vitro on pathogenic bacteria growth isolated from sick fishes

ABSTRACT Ornamental aquaculture is an activity in clear economic growth, both globally and in Mexico where the development is particularly relevant to freshwater species. Infectious diseases produced by fungus, bacteria and virus are considered one of the principal limitations during the productive process. Between implemented strategies for reduction of antibiotic use, which are "living microorganisms that confer a health benefit to the host if they are given in adequate quantities"; lactic acid bacteria and yeast are among the most common used microorganism in aquaculture. This investigation, prove the effect of isolated probiotic bacteria from the digestive tract of healthy fish, belonging to specie: Bacillus sp., Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus sp, and Lactococcus lactis, at different dilutions (10 9 ,10 8 , 10 7 ,10 6 , 10 5 and 10 4 ) in vitro growth of pathogenic bacteria: Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter sakasakii, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus vulgaris, and Vibrio fluvialis, isolated from kidney of sick fish, cultured and purified through successive inoculations and identificated by the amplification of gene 16S of rRNA (PCR) using universal primers 8 for. (5'-AGACTTTGATCATGGCTCAG-3') and 1492 rev. (5'-TACGGCTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3') and comparison with GENEBANK sequences base. Probiotic strains were previously isolated from the digestive tract of different healthy fish in the laboratory. In order to perform in vitro challenge tests, pathogenic strains were inoculated three times each in BHI agar boxes at a concentration of 1x10 7 CFU mL -1 and subsequently using the well diffusion method, 70 µL from a suspension with each of the probiotic strains were added. Agar boxes were incubated 24 h at 30ºC to observe the formation of inhibition halos. Obtained values from inhibition halos were transformed to qualitative data with the following premise: halo diameter < 2.0 mm negative effect; halo diameter > 2.0 mm positive effect. In this study, it was determined that probiotic strains B. subtilis was the one that gave better results to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria P. vulgaris, E. sakazakii, V. fluvialis, K. oxytoca and C. freundii in most of used dilutions. Making it a strain with high potential in aquaculture. Key words: Growth, halos, probiotics, bacteria, sensibility. RESUMEN La acuicultura de especies ornamentales es una actividad económica en franco crecimiento, tanto a nivel mundial como en México, en donde tiene particular desarrollo lo correspondiente a especies dulceacuícolas. Las enfermedades infeccionas producidas por hongos, bacterias y virus, están consideradas una de las limitantes principales durante el proceso productivo. Entre las estrategias implementadas para disminuir el uso de antibióticos para el control de patógenos, se encuentra el control biológico mediante el uso de organismos probióticos, los cuales son "microorganismos vivos los cuales, administrados en cantidades adecuadas, confieren un beneficio en la salud del hospedador"; entre los de uso más común en acuicultura se encuentran las lactobacterias y las levaduras. En el presente trabajo, se probó el efecto de bacterias probióticas aisladas del tracto digestivo de peces sanos, pertenecientes a las especies: Bacillus sp., Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus sp, y Lactococcus lactis, a diferentes diluciones (10 9 ,10 8 , 10 7 ,10 6 , 10 5 y 10 4 ) en el crecimiento in vitro de las bacterias patógenas: Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter sakasakii, Klebsiella oxytoca, Proteus vulgaris y Vibrio fluvialis, aisladas del riñón de peces enfermos, cultivadas y purificadas a través de resiembras sucesivas e identificadas mediante la amplificación del gen 16S del ARNr (PCR) utilizando los primers universales 8 for. 24 AGACTTTGATCATGGCTCAG-3') y 1492 rev. (5'-TACGGCTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3') y su comparación con la base de secuencias GENEBANK. Las cepas probióticos fueron aisladas previamente del tracto intestinal de diversos peces sanos en el laboratorio. Para llevar a cabo las pruebas de desafío in vitro, las cepas patógenas se sembraron por triplicado en cajas de agar BHI a una concentración de 1x10 7 UFC mL -1 y posteriormente, utilizando el método de difusión en pozos, se adicionaran 70 µL de una suspensión con cada una de las cepas probióticas Las placas se incubaron durante 24 h a 30ºC para observar la formación de halos de inhibición. Los valores obtenidos de los halos de inhibición fueron transformados a datos cualitativos con la siguiente premisa: diámetro halo < 2.0 mm efecto negativo; diámetro de halo > 2.0 mm efecto positivo. En este estudio, se determinó que la cepas probiótica B. subtilis fue la que dio mejores resultados al inhibir el crecimiento de las bacterias patógenas P. vulgaris, E. sakazakii, V. fluvialis, K. oxytoca y C. freundii en la mayoría de las diluciones utilizadas. Por lo que es una cepa con alto potencial en acuicultura

Dynamical Patterns of Cattle Trade Movements

Despite their importance for the spread of zoonotic diseases, our understanding of the dynamical aspects characterizing the movements of farmed animal populations remains limited as these systems are traditionally studied as static objects and through simplified approximations. By leveraging on the network science approach, here we are able for the first time to fully analyze the longitudinal dataset of Italian cattle movements that reports the mobility of individual animals among farms on a daily basis. The complexity and inter-relations between topology, function and dynamical nature of the system are characterized at different spatial and time resolutions, in order to uncover patterns and vulnerabilities fundamental for the definition of targeted prevention and control measures for zoonotic diseases. Results show how the stationarity of statistical distributions coexists with a strong and non-trivial evolutionary dynamics at the node and link levels, on all timescales. Traditional static views of the displacement network hide important patterns of structural changes affecting nodes' centrality and farms' spreading potential, thus limiting the efficiency of interventions based on partial longitudinal information. By fully taking into account the longitudinal dimension, we propose a novel definition of dynamical motifs that is able to uncover the presence of a temporal arrow describing the evolution of the system and the causality patterns of its displacements, shedding light on mechanisms that may play a crucial role in the definition of preventive actions

Dynamical Patterns of Cattle Trade Movements

Despite their importance for the spread of zoonotic diseases, our understanding of the dynamical aspects characterizing the movements of farmed animal populations remains limited as these systems are traditionally studied as static objects and through simplified approximations. By leveraging on the network science approach, here we are able for the first time to fully analyze the longitudinal dataset of Italian cattle movements that reports the mobility of individual animals among farms on a daily basis. The complexity and inter-relations between topology, function and dynamical nature of the system are characterized at different spatial and time resolutions, in order to uncover patterns and vulnerabilities fundamental for the definition of targeted prevention and control measures for zoonotic diseases. Results show how the stationarity of statistical distributions coexists with a strong and non-trivial evolutionary dynamics at the node and link levels, on all timescales. Traditional static views of the displacement network hide important patterns of structural changes affecting nodes' centrality and farms' spreading potential, thus limiting the efficiency of interventions based on partial longitudinal information. By fully taking into account the longitudinal dimension, we propose a novel definition of dynamical motifs that is able to uncover the presence of a temporal arrow describing the evolution of the system and the causality patterns of its displacements, shedding light on mechanisms that may play a crucial role in the definition of preventive actions

Ensemble Composition and Activity Levels of Insectivorous Bats in Response to Management Intensification in Coffee Agroforestry Systems

Shade coffee plantations have received attention for their role in biodiversity conservation. Bats are among the most diverse mammalian taxa in these systems; however, previous studies of bats in coffee plantations have focused on the largely herbivorous leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae). In contrast, we have virtually no information on how ensembles of aerial insectivorous bats – nearly half the Neotropical bat species – change in response to habitat modification. To evaluate the effects of agroecosystem management on insectivorous bats, we studied their diversity and activity in southern Chiapas, Mexico, a landscape dominated by coffee agroforestry. We used acoustic monitoring and live captures to characterize the insectivorous bat ensemble in forest fragments and coffee plantations differing in the structural and taxonomic complexity of shade trees. We captured bats of 12 non-phyllostomid species; acoustic monitoring revealed the presence of at least 12 more species of aerial insectivores. Richness of forest bats was the same across all land-use types; in contrast, species richness of open-space bats increased in low shade, intensively managed coffee plantations. Conversely, only forest bats demonstrated significant differences in ensemble structure (as measured by similarity indices) across land-use types. Both overall activity and feeding activity of forest bats declined significantly with increasing management intensity, while the overall activity, but not feeding activity, of open-space bats increased. We conclude that diverse shade coffee plantations in our study area serve as valuable foraging and commuting habitat for aerial insectivorous bats, and several species also commute through or forage in low shade coffee monocultures